Directions: read the following passage and answer the questions that follow

Multilateral development banks (MDBs) play a vital role in supporting the economic and social development of developing countries. However, they face challenges that necessitate reform. The current framework is outdated and fails to reflect the contemporary realities and aspirations of the Global South. Additionally, the strategies and models employed by MDBs are not optimal for meeting the evolving needs of developing countries or leveraging their full potential.

Reforming MDBs is crucial to enhance their relevance and performance. It requires addressing governance and accountability issues, adapting to emerging global challenges, overcoming resource constraints, streamlining procedural hurdles, and mobilizing private sector investments. Climate change and sustainable development also demand the incorporation of climate considerations into MDBs' policies and project financing decisions.

India, as a leader and partner of the Global South, has a stake in shaping these reforms. India can contribute to the reform process as a borrower, shareholder, and participant in MDB governance. MDBs can effectively address poverty and inequality by supporting the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, providing concessional finance and grants to low-income countries, and promoting inclusive growth and shared prosperity in middle-income countries.

Overall, reforming MDBs is a timely and crucial initiative that requires inclusive and participatory deliberations to make them more relevant and effective for the development of the Global South, with India playing a key role in this endeavor.